5. Process Improvement - Detailed Table of Contents [5.]
- Introduction [5.1.]
- What is experimental design? [5.1.1.]
- What are the uses of DOE? [5.1.2.]
- What are the steps of DOE? [5.1.3.]
- Assumptions [5.2.]
- Is the measurement system capable? [5.2.1.]
- Is the process stable? [5.2.2.]
- Is there a simple model? [5.2.3.]
- Are the model residuals well-behaved? [5.2.4.]
- Choosing an experimental design [5.3.]
- What are the objectives? [5.3.1.]
- How do you select and scale the process variables? [5.3.2.]
- How do you select an experimental design? [5.3.3.]
- Completely randomized designs [5.3.3.1.]
- Randomized block designs [5.3.3.2.]
- Latin square and related designs [5.3.3.2.1.]
- Graeco-Latin square designs [5.3.3.2.2.]
- Hyper-Graeco-Latin square designs [5.3.3.2.3.]
- Full factorial designs [5.3.3.3.]
- Two-level full factorial designs [5.3.3.3.1.]
- Full factorial example [5.3.3.3.2.]
- Blocking of full factorial designs [5.3.3.3.3.]
- Fractional factorial designs [5.3.3.4.]
- A 23-1 design (half of a 23) [5.3.3.4.1.]
- Constructing the 23-1 half-fraction design [5.3.3.4.2.]
- Confounding (also called aliasing) [5.3.3.4.3.]
- Fractional factorial design specifications and design resolution [5.3.3.4.4.]
- Use of fractional factorial designs [5.3.3.4.5.]
- Screening designs [5.3.3.4.6.]
- Summary tables of useful fractional factorial designs [5.3.3.4.7.]
- Plackett-Burman designs [5.3.3.5.]
- Response surface designs [5.3.3.6.]
- Central Composite Designs (CCD) [5.3.3.6.1.]
- Box-Behnken designs [5.3.3.6.2.]
- Comparisons of response surface designs [5.3.3.6.3.]
- Blocking a response surface design [5.3.3.6.4.]
- Adding centerpoints [5.3.3.7.]
- Improving fractional factorial design resolution [5.3.3.8.]
- Mirror-Image foldover designs [5.3.3.8.1.]
- Alternative foldover designs [5.3.3.8.2.]
- Three-level full factorial designs [5.3.3.9.]
- Three-level, mixed-level and fractional factorial designs [5.3.3.10.]
- Analysis of DOE data [5.4.]
- What are the steps in a DOE analysis? [5.4.1.]
- How to "look" at DOE data [5.4.2.]
- How to model DOE data [5.4.3.]
- How to test and revise DOE models [5.4.4.]
- How to interpret DOE results [5.4.5.]
- How to confirm DOE results (confirmatory runs) [5.4.6.]
- Examples of DOE's [5.4.7.]
- Full factorial example [5.4.7.1.]
- Fractional factorial example [5.4.7.2.]
- Response surface model example [5.4.7.3.]
- Advanced topics [5.5.]
- What if classical designs don't work? [5.5.1.]
- What is a computer-aided design? [5.5.2.]
- D-Optimal designs [5.5.2.1.]
- Repairing a design [5.5.2.2.]
- How do you optimize a process? [5.5.3.]
- Single response case [5.5.3.1.]
- Single response: Path of steepest ascent [5.5.3.1.1.]
- Single response: Confidence region for search path [5.5.3.1.2.]
- Single response: Choosing the step length [5.5.3.1.3.]
- Single response: Optimization when there is adequate quadratic fit [5.5.3.1.4.]
- Single response: Effect of sampling error on optimal solution [5.5.3.1.5.]
- Single response: Optimization subject to experimental region constraints [5.5.3.1.6.]
- Multiple response case [5.5.3.2.]
- Multiple responses: Path of steepest ascent [5.5.3.2.1.]
- Multiple responses: The desirability approach [5.5.3.2.2.]
- Multiple responses: The mathematical programming
approach [5.5.3.2.3.]
- What is a mixture design? [5.5.4.]
- Mixture screening designs [5.5.4.1.]
- Simplex-lattice designs [5.5.4.2.]
- Simplex-centroid designs [5.5.4.3.]
- Constrained mixture designs [5.5.4.4.]
- Treating mixture and process variables together [5.5.4.5.]
- How can I account for nested variation (restricted randomization)? [5.5.5.]
- What are Taguchi designs? [5.5.6.]
- What are John's 3/4 fractional factorial designs? [5.5.7.]
- What are small composite designs? [5.5.8.]
- An EDA approach to experimental design [5.5.9.]
- Ordered data plot [5.5.9.1.]
- DOE scatter plot [5.5.9.2.]
- DOE mean plot [5.5.9.3.]
- Interaction effects matrix plot [5.5.9.4.]
- Block plot [5.5.9.5.]
- DOE Youden plot [5.5.9.6.]
- |Effects| plot [5.5.9.7.]
- Statistical significance [5.5.9.7.1.]
- Engineering significance [5.5.9.7.2.]
- Numerical significance [5.5.9.7.3.]
- Pattern significance [5.5.9.7.4.]
- Half-normal probability plot [5.5.9.8.]
- Cumulative residual standard deviation plot [5.5.9.9.]
- Motivation: What is a Model? [5.5.9.9.1.]
- Motivation: How do we Construct a Goodness-of-fit
Metric for a Model? [5.5.9.9.2.]
- Motivation: How do we Construct a Good Model? [5.5.9.9.3.]
- Motivation: How do we Know When to Stop Adding
Terms? [5.5.9.9.4.]
- Motivation: What is the Form of the Model? [5.5.9.9.5.]
- Motivation: Why is the 1/2 in the Model? [5.5.9.9.6.]
- Motivation: What are the Advantages of the LinearCombinatoric Model? [5.5.9.9.7.]
- Motivation: How do we use the Model to Generate
Predicted Values? [5.5.9.9.8.]
- Motivation: How do we Use the Model Beyond the Data
Domain? [5.5.9.9.9.]
- Motivation: What is the Best Confirmation Point for
Interpolation? [5.5.9.9.10.]
- Motivation: How do we Use the Model for
Interpolation? [5.5.9.9.11.]
- Motivation: How do we Use the Model for
Extrapolation? [5.5.9.9.12.]
- DOE contour plot [5.5.9.10.]
- How to Interpret: Axes [5.5.9.10.1.]
- How to Interpret: Contour Curves [5.5.9.10.2.]
- How to Interpret: Optimal Response Value [5.5.9.10.3.]
- How to Interpret: Best Corner [5.5.9.10.4.]
- How to Interpret: Steepest Ascent/Descent [5.5.9.10.5.]
- How to Interpret: Optimal Curve [5.5.9.10.6.]
- How to Interpret: Optimal Setting [5.5.9.10.7.]
- Case Studies [5.6.]
- Eddy Current Probe Sensitivity Case Study [5.6.1.]
- Background and Data [5.6.1.1.]
- Initial Plots/Main Effects [5.6.1.2.]
- Interaction Effects [5.6.1.3.]
- Main and Interaction Effects: Block Plots [5.6.1.4.]
- Estimate Main and Interaction Effects [5.6.1.5.]
- Modeling and Prediction Equations [5.6.1.6.]
- Intermediate Conclusions [5.6.1.7.]
- Important Factors and Parsimonious Prediction [5.6.1.8.]
- Validate the Fitted Model [5.6.1.9.]
- Using the Fitted Model [5.6.1.10.]
- Conclusions and Next Step [5.6.1.11.]
- Work This Example Yourself [5.6.1.12.]
- Sonoluminescent Light Intensity Case Study [5.6.2.]
- Background and Data [5.6.2.1.]
- Initial Plots/Main Effects [5.6.2.2.]
- Interaction Effects [5.6.2.3.]
- Main and Interaction Effects: Block Plots [5.6.2.4.]
- Important Factors: Youden Plot [5.6.2.5.]
- Important Factors: |Effects| Plot [5.6.2.6.]
- Important Factors: Half-Normal Probability Plot [5.6.2.7.]
- Cumulative Residual Standard Deviation Plot [5.6.2.8.]
- Next Step: DOE Contour Plot [5.6.2.9.]
- Summary of Conclusions [5.6.2.10.]
- Work This Example Yourself [5.6.2.11.]
- A Glossary of DOE Terminology [5.7.]
- References [5.8.]
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